THE INFLUENCE OF EXTRA-ROOT FERTILIZING WITH MICROFERTILIZERS ON BIOMETRIC INDICATORS OF SUNFLOWER PLANTS IN SOUTHERN OF UKRAINE

. The article considers the peculiarity of the biometric indicators formation of sunflower hybrids Darius, NK Kamen, Tutti, depending on foliar feeding with trace elements in the soil and climatic conditions of the Mykolayiv region of the southern Steppe zone of Ukraine. There is a direct dependence in the dynamics of the plants vegetative mass formation of the studied hybrids and its formation on the optimal combination of weather and climatic conditions and nutrients of agricultural crops. According to research, sowing in field crop rotations as the best option of NK Kamen sunflower hybrids under the of foliar Quantum microfertilizer thousand m2/ha).


Introduction.
Agricultural crops require different assortments and amounts of trace elements. Both a shortage and an excess can cause a negative reaction of plants not only because of their own toxicity, but also because of blocking the supply of necessary nutrients to plants. This significantly affects the yield and quality of the crop itself [1][2].
The nutrition regime is very important in the technology of growing field crops.
This important agricultural measure of operational and powerful help to the plant is used by our farmers by no more than 15-20%. In addition to macroelements, microelements also play an important role: boron, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, etc. After all, it is important to give the plant nutrients not only at the required time, but also in a balanced ratio. Deficiency of each of them can lead to disturbances in metabolism and physiological processes, which in the future can cause a decrease in the yield and deterioration of its quality. Therefore, fertilizers for foliar fertilization, containing trace elements, are becoming more and more relevant [3][4][5][6][7].
The use of trace elements is important for sunflower. Boron and copper increase the content of fat, zinc -phospholipids, boron and zinc -organic acids. In addition, boron significantly reduces damage to sunflowers by white rot and other diseases, which contributes to the preservation and improvement of the quality of the crop [8][9][10].
The land use territory of the experimental field is located in the southern part of the Mykolaiv region in the Southern Steppe zone of Ukraine, the climate of which is characterized by severe aridity with the presence of significant thermal resources and limited provision of atmospheric precipitation.
The soil cover of the experimental field is represented by chernozem, southern low-humus silty-heavy loam. The soil-forming rock is loess loam of brownish-fawn color, finely porous, compacted, saturated with calcium carbonates. Groundwater lies at a depth of more than three meters. The thickness of the humus horizon is 30 cm, the humus-transition horizon is 60 cm. The reaction of the soil solution is close to neutral (Рh 6.5-6.8), the hydrolytic acidity is within 2.00-2.52 mg equiv. per 100 g of soil. The amount of absorbed bases is 32-35 mg equiv. per 100 g of soil, the degree of saturation with bases is 95.7%. The presence of humus in the arable layer of the soil In the spring, when the soil was physically ripe, it was harrowed with heavy BZTS-1.0 tooth harrows, diagonally to the direction of plowing. Pre-sowing treatment was carried out with a KPS-4 cultivator, to the depth of seed wrapping (5-6 cm). Under the pre-sowing cultivation, the herbicide harnes 90% k.e. was applied at the rate of 2.5 l/ha. Sunflower hybrids were sown at a soil temperature of 8-10С at a depth of 10 cm with pre-treated seeds (the drug Colfugo super was used at the rate of 1.5 l/t) with a SUPN-8 planter at a speed of 5-6 km/h, to a depth of 5-6 cm. After sowing, the soil was rolled with ring-spur rollers 3KKSH-6, which contributed to an earlier and friendly emergence of seedlings.
On the variants where microfertilizers were studied, foliar fertilization of sunflower hybrid plants was carried out according to the experiment scheme.
One inter-row cultivation was carried out at a height of sunflower plants of 30-40 cm, with a KRN-5.6 cultivator with harrows, to a depth of 6-8 cm. The protective strip was 10-15 cm. Sunflowers were harvested when the baskets turned brown in at least 75% of the plants, and seed humidity of 12-14%. In a two-factor field experiment during 2020-2021, the yield and quality of seeds of high-oleic sunflower hybrids were studied depending on the timing of application of microfertilizers.
Crops were treated with a knapsack sprayer at the rate of 300 l/ha of working fluid.
The experiment was laid out by the method of splitting areas. The sown area of the plot was 56 m2, the accounting area was 30 m2, the experiment was repeated four times [11].
All sunflower hybrids taken for study in the field experiment are listed in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine and are recommended for cultivation in the Steppe zone.
Research in the field experiment was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods and DSTU.
Field, laboratory, statistical and calculation-comparative methods were used to achieve the goal. In a field experiment, the effect of microfertilizers on the growth, development, phenological and biometric parameters of sunflower hybrids was studied. Laboratory methods were used to examine soil and plant samples for the content and removal of nutrients, product quality. The statistical method was used to assess the reliability of the research results [7,12]. The economic efficiency of the studied factors was determined by the computational and comparative method.
Research results. The biological feature of hybrid sunflower plants is their growth and development rates, which can vary depending on the vegetation conditions -the level of moisture supply, feeding regime, and individual agrotechnical measures. In particular, the duration of the growing season largely depends on weather conditions, as well as their level of plant productivity, the longer the period during which plants can assimilate and absorb nutrients and moisture from the soil, the more they will accumulate dry matter, that is, the higher the yield will be.